There are several fluid changes that need to be performed every so often over the life of a vehicle. Usually, these include transmission fluid flushes/exchanges, power steering fluid flushes, brake fluid flushes, and coolant flushes. Fuel injection cleanings also fall into this category.
Service Intervals
The recommended intervals for these service changes vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, so it's best to consult the manufacturer's recommended maintenance guide. Certain fluids need to be changed more often than others--for example, transmission fluid needs to be changed the most often on most car models.
Why Fluids Need to be Changed
Over time, dirt, dust, and airborne particles can make their way into fluids, and this can cause damage to critical components. For example, coolant--aka antifreeze--circulates throughout the engine, and particles that find their way into the coolant can cause damage, such as scoring on the metal. Dirt in transmission fluid can cause premature wear on the gears. Finally, clogged fuel injectors can adversely affect engine performance and fuel economy.
Fluid exchanges aren't usually cheap, which sometimes baffles customers who think that there isn't much labor involved. This is due in part to the cost of the fluid itself, and in part due to the cost of the equipment needed to perform the work.
Also, while a technician may not spend much time running the equipment, most shops charge a flat fee for the labor that is based on a set flat-rate time. This means a technician gets paid for a certain amount of time, no matter how much time was actually spent doing the work.
So it's a good idea to make sure the fluids are being changed as per manufacturer's recommendations.
Preventative Changes versus Contaminated Fluid
Some manufacturers don't recommended changes for certain fluids unless outside contaminants seep into the fluid. This is because the fluids are encased in sealed systems, and they are meant to stay clean for the life of the vehicle. Of course, sealed systems aren't completely invulnerable--dirt can still seep in.
Fuel Injector Cleanings
Fuel injector cleanings are a little bit controversial. The service is recommended because deposits form in fuel-injector nozzles over time, which causes the fuel to spray unevenly in the cylinder. In theory, this can cause reduced engine power and reduced fuel economy. However, some observers believe that this service is unnecessary and overpriced. Some believe that the cost of the service outweighs any potential benefits.
Keeping in Tune
The main reason to change fluids is the prevent unnecessary damage to key vehicle components. Fluid changes and flushes aren't always cheap, but they're far more inexpensive than the alternative.
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